- Title
- In children and young people with type 1 diabetes using Pump therapy, an additional 40% of the insulin dose for a high-fat, high-protein breakfast improves postprandial glycaemic excursions: A cross-over trial
- Creator
- Smith, Tenele A.; Smart, Carmel E.; Fuery, Michelle E. J.; Howley, Peter P.; Knight, Brigid A.; Harris, Mark; King, Bruce R.
- Relation
- Diabetic Medicine Vol. 38, Issue 7, no. e14511
- Publisher Link
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dme.14511
- Publisher
- Wiley-Blackwell
- Resource Type
- journal article
- Date
- 2021
- Description
- Aim: To determine the insulin requirement for a high-fat, high-protein breakfast to optimise postprandial glycaemic excursions in children and young people with type 1 diabetes using insulin pumps. Methods: In all, 27 participants aged 10–23 years, BMI <95th percentile (2–18 years) or BMI <30 kg/m2 (19–25 years) and HbA1c ≤64 mmol/mol (≤8.0%) consumed a high-fat, high-protein breakfast (carbohydrate: 30 g, fat: 40 g and protein: 50 g) for 4 days. In this cross-over trial, insulin was administered, based on the insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio (ICR) of 100% (control), 120%, 140% and 160%, in an order defined by a randomisation sequence and delivered in a combination bolus, 60% ¼ hr pre-meal and 40% over 3 hr. Postprandial sensor glucose was assessed for 6 hr. Results: Comparing 100% ICR, 140% ICR and 160% ICR resulted in significantly lower 6-hr areas under the glucose curves: mean (95%CI) (822 mmol/L.min [605,1039] and 567 [350,784] vs 1249 [1042,1457], p ≤ 0.001) and peak glucose excursions (4.0 mmol/L [3.0,4.9] and 2.7 [1.7,3.6] vs 6.0 [5.0,6.9],p < 0.001). Rates of hypoglycaemia for 100%-160% ICR were 7.7%, 7.7%, 12% and 19% respectively (p ≥ 0.139). With increasing insulin dose, a step-wise reduction in mean glucose excursion was observed from 1 to 6 hr (p = 0.008). Conclusions: Incrementally increasing the insulin dose for a high-fat, high-protein breakfast resulted in a predictable, dose-dependent reduction in postprandial glycaemia: 140% ICR improved postprandial glycaemic excursions without a statistically significant increase in hypoglycaemia. These findings support a safe, practical method for insulin adjustment for high-fat, high-protein meals that can be readily implemented in practice to improve postprandial glycaemia.
- Subject
- children and adolescents; endocrinology; insulin therapy; nutrition and diet; self-management; SDG 3; Sustainable Development Goals
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1474657
- Identifier
- uon:49335
- Identifier
- ISSN:0742-3071
- Language
- eng
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